Congress succeeded in repudiating Johnson's plan for Reconstruction, but the president retaliated by firing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. Johnson sought a lenient policy towards Southern states that had seceded from the Union, while a majority in Congress wanted a harsher approach. Grant also became involved in the conflicts between the United States Congress and President Andrew Johnson.
He was the first person since George Washington to hold this rank. On July 25, 1866, he was appointed General of the Army. The Northerners finally drove the Confederates from Petersburg in early April 1865, and The Army of Northern Virginia surrendered on April 9, 1865.įollowing the Civil War, Grant remained in the United States Army. By early June 1864, Grant had surrounded Lee's Army of Northern Virginia at Petersburg, Virginia, and a ten month siege ensued. At battles such as the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor, Grant lost more men than the Confederates, but he replaced these soldiers with new ones. To end the war, Grant repeatedly attacked during the summer of 1864. The South did not have the men and supplies to reinforce the soldiers already in the field. He believed that the most effective way to defeat the South was to attack repeatedly. He realized that the North had a much larger number of men available for duty. After being defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia, the Union soldiers would retreat to the relative safety of Washington, DC, but Grant refused to retreat. During the war's first several years, other Union commanders had tried to capture Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, leaving the war in the West to his close friend General William T. Grant focused his attention on General Robert E. In March 1864, President Lincoln promoted Grant to lieutenant general and named him supreme commander of all Union forces. In October 1863, Grant's forces captured an important Tennessee railroad junction in the Battle of Chattanooga. Due to this victory, Grant was given command of all Union forces in the West. The Union military now had access to the entire Mississippi River and the Confederacy was split into two parts. After a lengthy siege, the Confederate forces surrendered on July 4, 1863. The Confederates retreated into Vicksburg, and Grant's force surrounded the city. In May 1863, Grant succeeded in defeating a Confederate army under John C. Grant spent the remainder of 1862 and the first seven months of 1863 trying to seize Vicksburg, Mississippi, the last Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River. President Lincoln refused and, during the summer of 1862, gave Grant command of all Northern soldiers operating in western Tennessee and northern Mississippi. While the North won the battle, Grant's poor performance in the fight's first day led to pressure from politicians and civilians to remove Grant from his command. In April 1862, at the Battle of Shiloh, a Confederate army surprised Grant and his men. Grant continued to advance through western Tennessee in the spring of 1862. These were the first major victories of the war for the Union military. He earned the nickname "Unconditional Surrender Grant" for demanding the unconditional surrender of the Confederate soldiers inside of these fortifications. In February 1862, Grant led a Union force that captured Forts Henry and Donelson on the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers. He first served as colonel of the Twenty-First Illinois Infantry but soon was promoted to the rank of brigadier general due to his previous military experience. Grant also assisted his father in a tannery business.Īfter the Battle of Fort Sumter in April 1861, Grant volunteered for military duty. Louis, Missouri, working as a real estate agent and as a farmer. In the years before the American Civil War, Grant lived much of the time in St. In 1852, after quarreling with a higher-ranking officer, Grant resigned his commission. He remained in the West following the war.
Grant served under General Zachary Taylor in the Mexican-American War. His first assignment was in the Southwest. He ranked twenty-first in a class of thirty-nine students. It was because of this mistake that Grant changed his name.
The congressman who appointed Grant submitted his name as Ulysses Simpson Grant rather than Hiram Ulysses Grant. Grant lived there until he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1839. In 1823, his family moved to Georgetown, Ohio. He was born Hiram Ulysses Grant on April 27, 1822, in Point Pleasant, Ohio. military leader and the eighteenth President of the United States. The black armband hanging from his sleeve may be a mourning band for President Abraham Lincoln who was assassinated on April 14, 1865. Grant was commissioned Lieutenant General by Abraham Lincoln in March 1864. Carte de visite portrait of Lieutenant General Ulysses S.
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